Spintronics emerged from discoveries in the 1980s apropos spin-dependent electron carriage phenomena in solid-state devices. This includes the ascertainment of spin-polarized electron bang from a ferromagnetic metal to a accustomed metal by Johnson and Silsbee (1985),3 and the analysis of behemothic magnetoresistance apart by Albert Fert et al.4 and Peter Grünberg et al. (1988).5 The origins of spintronics can be traced aback even added to the ferromagnet/superconductor tunneling abstracts pioneered by Meservey and Tedrow,6 and antecedent abstracts on alluring adit junctions by Julliere in the 1970s.7 The use of semiconductors for spintronics can be traced aback at atomic as far as the abstract angle of a circuit field-effect-transistor by Datta and Das in 1990.8
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